UAF researcher helps unravel cause of ancient city鈥檚 destruction

Picture of man
Gunther Kletetschka

Rod Boyce
907-474-7185
Sept. 22, 2021

An airburst from the explosion of a comet or meteor likely caused the instant destruction of a thriving Bronze Age city of 8,000 people in the Middle East, according to a recent paper co-authored by a University of 成人影片 Fairbanks scientist.

Gunther Kletetschka, an associate research profession at the UAF Geophysical Institute,  is one of 21 contributors to the paper. Ted E. Bunch of Northern Arizona University is lead author.

The researchers presented evidence that a cosmic airburst with energy approximately 5,000 times that of the Hiroshima atomic bomb destroyed the walled city of Tall el-Hammam in the southern Jordan Valley, northeast of the Dead Sea, about 3,600 years ago. It left the area unworkable for agriculture for 300 to 600 years due to an influx of salt 鈥 a fact that has caused some to argue that the site is the biblical city of Sodom in the book of Genesis.

鈥淭here's no record of any meteoroid or comet destroying a city by this process,鈥 said Kletetschka, who is also affiliated with Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. 鈥淏ut we can actually see the evidence and what damage this process can do and try to learn from it.鈥

Some of that evidence consists of pottery shards with outer surfaces melted into glass, some of them with bubbles indicating they were boiled; melted and bubbled mudbrick fragments; partially melted roofing clay; and melted building plaster. Together, they indicate the city vanished in an event of extremely high-temperatures beyond the ability of humans to produce at that time.

Kletetschka鈥檚 work at UAF involved analysis of the magnetism in two samples of molten pottery and rock sent to him by the excavation team, which knew of his previous work with mineral magnetism. The aim was to rule out lightning strikes from a massive destructive storm as a possible explanation for the melted pottery and rocks.

Fragments of pottery
Image from paper authored by Ted E. Bunch
A collection of pottery fragments are displayed from the Tall el-Hammam site.

The samples showed no evidence of the intense magnetic fields that lightning produces.

Researchers at Tall el-Hammam did find shocked quartz, which occurs when quartz is subjected to high-speed, high-pressure shock waves beyond those the Earth can produce through natural processes.

Kletetschka鈥檚 previous research in mineral magnetism and with shocked quartz, a prime indicator of cosmic impact, is cited throughout the paper

Few bones were found. In the paper,  researchers determined that 鈥渢he force of a high-temperature, debris-laden, high-velocity blast wave from an airburst/impact鈥 tore bodies apart, shattered bones into bits and pieces about the size of a centimeter and charred or disintegrated any bones that were still exposed.

鈥淭he circumstances and condition of the human bones and fragments suggest that at the moment of death, these individuals were going about normal activities,鈥 the paper reads.

The airburst also turned to dust millions of the mudbricks used to build the upper and lower portions of the ancient city, including the palace complex.

Image of an ancient palace
Image from paper authored by Ted E. Bunch
An artist's evidence-based reconstruction of the four- to five-story palace that was 鈥塧pproximately鈥170 feet long and 90 feet wide before its destruction, along with the modern-day excavation site.

Kletetschka conducted similar mineral magnetism research for a 2020 paper about the destruction of the ancient Syrian city of Abu Hureyra, which is also believed to have been hit by a cosmic airburst. He has also researched the site of the 1908 cosmic airburst in the Stony Tunguska River region of Siberia that flattened and charred 80 million trees in a 60-mile diameter circle.

He has been invited to assist in the ongoing research at Tall el-Hammam in 2022.

Until then, Kletetschka plans to conduct his own airburst research at three 成人影片 lakes next month. He will analyze sediment layers at Quartz and Birch lakes on the Richardson Highway and Windmill Lake north of Denali National Park and Preserve.

鈥淭here was a global event 13,000 years ago that was detected in Europe, in South America, North America and in Africa,鈥 he said. 鈥淎nd so you would think if it was found everywhere else it may also be in 成人影片.鈥

The project also included researchers from Elizabeth City State University in North Carolina, New Mexico Tech, North Carolina State University, EAG Laboratories in North Carolina, DePaul University, Southern Research Institute in Alabama, Comet Research Group in Arizona, Restoration Systems in North Carolina, East Carolina University, University of South Carolina, University of Oregon, University of California Santa Barbara, Trinity Southwest University in New Mexico and the U.S. Navy. A Los Alamos National Laboratory retiree also participated.

ADDITIONAL CONTACT: Gunther Kletetschka, 907-474-7090, gkletetschka@alaska.edu 

NOTE TO EDITORS: Photos are available at . The paper is available online at